Human skin plays a pivotal role in protecting the body against infections by serving as a robust barrier. However, when breaches occur in the skin’s structural integrity, leading to wounds, the body’s defense mechanisms are compromised. Wound infections, caused by various pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, can result in severe morbidity and mortality, especially in surgical patients and those with burn injuries. Among these infections, those induced by Staphylococcus aureus are of particular concern due to their impact on public health.
Staphylococcus aureus, a versatile pathogen, is capable of causing a wide range of illnesses in humans, from localized skin and soft tissue infections to life-threatening systemic diseases. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains, such as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA), has further exacerbated the clinical challenges associated with these infections. MRSA strains, which exhibit resistance to beta-lactam drugs, continue to pose a significant threat to healthcare settings.
This study delves into the prevalence and clinical implications of Staphylococcus aureus-induced wound infections. By examining wound samples collected from Saudi Arabian tertiary hospitals, we aim to shed light on the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains, including multidrug-resistant variants. Our research seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the current landscape of wound infections and guide effective treatment strategies.
This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from February 2022 to September 2022, involving patients of various ages and genders who sought medical attention at Prince Mutaib Bin Abdulaziz Hospital and Swair General Hospital in Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia. The study population included those with wound-related keywords, such as wound swab, abscess, wound, drain, culture, or discharge, indicated on their samples.
Aseptic dry swab samples were collected from wounds and pus, which were subsequently cultured on Blood Agar and incubated. The identification of Staphylococcus aureus isolates was carried out using biochemical and morphological methods. Methicillin susceptibility was determined through oxacillin discs and the detection of the mecA gene via PCR. Antimicrobial resistance testing was performed using various antibiotics commonly employed in treating Staphylococcus aureus infections.
Out of the 542 wound specimens collected, 188 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were identified. The prevalence and susceptibility patterns of MRSA and VRSA strains were assessed to understand the extent of antimicrobial resistance in wound infections. The study sheds light on the co-infection and co-colonization of MRSA and VRSA in wounds and emphasizes the significance of wound treatment in eradicating VRSA and preventing its spread.
Staphylococcus aureus-induced wound infections remain a significant clinical challenge, particularly in the context of antimicrobial resistance. The emergence of MRSA and VRSA strains has necessitated innovative approaches to treatment and prevention. This study’s findings underscore the importance of effective wound management and antimicrobial stewardship to combat the rise of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.
Staphylococcus aureus-induced wound infections, particularly those caused by resistant strains like MRSA and VRSA, pose a considerable threat to global healthcare. Understanding the prevalence, resistance patterns, and clinical implications of these infections is crucial for informing evidence-based treatment strategies and infection control measures. As the medical community grapples with the rising tide of antimicrobial resistance, continued research and vigilance are essential to safeguarding public health and improving patient outcomes.